Poland can boast over 500 years of experience in space research and exploration. Their foundation was the revolutionary ideas of Nicolaus Copernicus and his followers, including Johannes Hevelius, great Polish astronomers of the 20th century and scientists working today. Over the years, scientists and engineers with Polish roots, working in Poland and abroad, have created many valuable scientific concepts, products and devices that have become a permanent part of the history of the conquest of space.
TD 4 Space Systems Environments and Effects TD 5 Space System Control TD 11 Space Debris TD 13 Automation, Telepresence & Robotics TD 15 Mechanisms 
TD 16 Optics 
TD 17 Optoelectronics TD 21 Thermal TD 24 Materials and Manufacturing Processes TD 26 Others 
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